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Metacomet Ridge
The Metacomet Ridge, Metacomet Ridge Mountains, or Metacomet Range of southern New England, United States, is a narrow and steep fault-block mountain ridge known for its extensive cliff faces, scenic vistas, microclimate ecosystems, and communities of plants considered rare or endangered. An important recreation resource located within of a population corridor of over 1.5 million people, the ridge is home to four long-distance hiking trails and over a dozen parks and recreation areas including several state and nationally recognized historic sites. Because of its natural, historic, and recreational value, the ridge has been the focus of ongoing conservation efforts involving municipal, state, and national agencies and nearly two dozen non-profit organizations.〔(United States Census Bureau ). Data retrieved December 20, 2007.〕
The Metacomet Ridge extends from New Haven and Branford, Connecticut, on Long Island Sound, through the Connecticut River Valley region of Massachusetts, to northern Franklin County, short of the Vermont and New Hampshire borders, a distance of . Younger and geologically distinct from the nearby Appalachian Mountains and surrounding uplands, the Metacomet Ridge is composed of volcanic basalt, also known as ''trap rock'', and sedimentary rock in faulted and tilted layers many hundreds of feet thick. In most but not all cases, the basalt layers are dominant, prevalent, and exposed. Although only above sea level at its highest, with an average summit elevation of , the Metacomet Ridge rises dramatically from much lower valley elevations, making it a prominent landscape feature.〔〔''DeLorme Topo 6.0'' (2006). Mapping software. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme.〕
== Geographic definitions ==
There is no universal consensus on the name for this topographic feature. The ''Metacomet Ridge'' is described by some sources as a ''traprock ridge'' beginning on the Holyoke Range in Belchertown, Massachusetts, and ending at the Hanging Hills in Meriden, Connecticut. A 2004 report conducted for the National Park Service extends that definition to include the entire traprock ridgeline from Greenfield, Massachusetts, to Long Island Sound.〔 The Sierra Club has referred to the entire range in Connecticut as "The Traprock Ridge". Geologically and visually, the traprock ridgeline exists as one continuous landscape feature from Belchertown, Massachusetts, to Branford, Connecticut at Long Island Sound, a distance of , broken only by the river gorges of the Farmington River in northern Connecticut and the Westfield and Connecticut Rivers in Massachusetts.〔〔 Until January 2008, the United States Board on Geographic Names (USBGN) did not recognize ''Metacomet Ridge,'' ''Traprock Ridge'' or any other name, although several sub-ranges were identified.〔(United States Board on Geographic Names domestic names search. ) Retrieved December 13, 2007.〕〔(United States Board on Geographic Names domestic names search ). Retrieved January 21, 2008.〕 Geologists usually refer to the overall range generically as "the traprock ridge" or "the traprock mountains" or refer to it with regard to its prehistoric geologic significance in technical terms.〔Olsen, Paul E., McDonald, Nicholas G., Huber, Phillip, Cornet, Bruce (October 9–10-11, 1992). ("Stratigraphy and Paleoecology of the Deerfield Rift Basin (Triassic-Jurassic, Newark Supergroup), Massachusetts." ) ''Guidebook for Field Trips in the Connecticut Valley Region of Massachusetts and Adjacent States'' vol. 2, pp. 488–535. 84th annual meeting, New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Amherst, Massachusetts: The Five Colleges. Retrieved December 1, 2007.〕 Further complicating the matter is the fact that traprock only accounts for the highest surface layers of rock strata on the southern three–fourths of the range; an underlying geology of related sedimentary rock is also a part of the structure of the ridge; in north central Massachusetts it becomes the dominant strata and extends the range geologically from the Holyoke Range another through Greenfield to nearly the Vermont border.〔〔Raymo, Chet and Raymo, Maureen E. (1989). ''Written in Stone: A Geologic History of the Northeastern United States''. Chester, Connecticut: Globe Pequot.〕 This article describes the entire Metacomet Ridge and all geologic extensions of it.
Easier to explain is the name "Metacomet" or "Metacom," borrowed from the 17th century sachem of the Wampanoag Tribe of southern New England who led his people during King Philip's War in the mid–17th century. Metacomet was also known as King Philip by early New England colonists. A number of features associated with the Metacomet Ridge are named after the sachem, including the Metacomet Trail, the Metacomet-Monadnock Trail, King Philip's Cave, King Philip Mountain, and Sachem Head. According to legend, Metacomet orchestrated the burning of Simsbury, Connecticut, and watched the conflagration from Talcott Mountain near the cave now named after him.〔''The Metacomet-Monadnock Trail Guide, 9th edition'' (1999). Amherst, Massachusetts: Appalachian Mountain Club.〕〔''Massachusetts Trail Guide, 8th edition.'' (2004). Boston: Appalachian Mountain Club.〕〔''Connecticut Walk Book East: The Trail Guide to the Blue Blazed Hiking Trails of Eastern Connecticut'' (2005) 19th edition. Rockfall, Connecticut: Connecticut Forest and Park Association.〕 The names Metacomet and King Philip have been applied to at least sixteen landscape features and over seventy-five businesses, schools, and civic organizations throughout southern New England.〔(United States Board on Geographic Names domestic names search. ) Searches conducted: "Metacomet," "Metacom," "King Phillip," and "King Philip." Retrieved January 24, 2007.〕〔(WhitePages.com business search. ) Searches conducted: "Metacomet," "Metacom," "King Phillip," and "King Philip." Retrieved January 24, 2007〕
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